“Two-tier federalism remains the only viable option”
Summary
Nepal's decade-long experience with three-tier federalism faces criticism over governance inefficiency, corruption, and unclear authority divisions, with discussions on whether two-tier federalism might be more viable.
Key Points
- Nepal introduced three-tier federalism nearly a decade ago with aims of inclusion, rights expansion, and resource distribution.
- Federalism in Nepal lacks deep social and political roots compared to established federal countries and was hastily adopted post-Madhes Movement.
- The constitution grants strong powers to local governments but provincial governments are seen as less functional and heavily influenced by Kathmandu.
- Challenges include overlapping duties across federal, provincial, and local levels causing implementation complexities and rising state spending without corresponding development outcomes.
