Lipulekh – Nepal, India, China, and the Geopolitical Stakes

Summary

India and China have agreed to reopen traditional border trade routes including Lipulekh, a contested tri-junction also claimed by Nepal, raising geopolitical tensions and sovereignty concerns.

Key Points
  • India and China agreed to reopen three traditional border trade routes: Lipulekh, Shipki La, and Nathu La.
  • Lipulekh is a disputed tri-junction involving Nepal, India, and China, historically claimed by Nepal under the 1816 Sugauli Treaty.
  • India has established a military presence and infrastructure in Lipulekh, while China and India have bilateral agreements excluding Nepal.
  • Nepal asserts sovereignty based on historical treaties and maps but faces diplomatic challenges, with limited international recognition of its claims.
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